How plants produce oxygen?

New Delhi, December 06, 2016: (UNI) Experimenting at the molecular level, researchers are acquiring new knowledge on how plants form oxygen from water molecules.
An international research team has now found a way to visualise this reaction in high-resolution images of photosystem II.

The results are being published in the journal Nature.

“This work is a breakthrough (and) it paves way to study step-by-step the formation of an oxygen molecule by two water molecules,” says Johannes Messinger, professor in Biological Chemistry at Umeå University in Sweden and one of the leading researchers in the project.

Plants play a crucial role in mitigating climate change.

They use sunlight to remove greenhouse gas carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and convert it into biomass (leaves, stem, flower and fruits).

At the same time, plants also produce the oxygen we breathe by splitting water into oxygen and biologically bonded hydrogen.

This process may prove even more important to save the climate, because if we understand water splitting completely, we can develop technology that produces hydrogen gas (fuel) from solar energy.

In collaboration with an international team of researchers, Prof Johannes Messinger, who recently joined the Molecular Biomimetics Programme at Uppsala University, has now found a way to visualise this reaction in high-resolution images using the X-ray free-electron laser at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory at Stanford University.

In the study, the research consortium developed new ways to grow microcrystals of photosystem II – the protein complex in plants that is responsible for producing oxygen from water using sunlight.

These microcrystals were then placed on a conveyor belt using technology akin to ink-jet printing.

On the belt, the crystals were illuminated with laser flashes of green light, to start the water splitting reaction cycle.

During this process, the protein complex undergoes a series of steps before the oxygen process starts.

The structure of these activated states were subsequently visualised by hitting the crystals with ultrafast X-ray pulses.

The present scientific article describes how the authors were able to resolve the structural differences between two of the states in photosystem II that are involved in water splitting.

“We are now all set to tackle the final mysteries of how plants make oxygen – a dream has come true,” says Johannes Messinger.

United News of India